The European Union's Immigration Policy: Managing Migration in Turkey and Morocco.

• Author: Oral, Gul
• Position: Book review

Ayselin Gozde YILDIZ

London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, 213 pages.

Migration has been an important reason for externalization of the EU's policies towards nonmember third countries. Throughout the 2000s, the European Union has advanced its efforts for externalization of its immigration policies with the aim of providing security, stability, and prosperity in the neighborhood due to emerging demographic, economic and security problems.

The book aims to conceptualize the external dimension of the EU's immigration policy and its implications for non-member third countries by carrying out a comparative case study for assessing to what extent the EU has achieved to externalize its immigration policy. Accordingly, the author examines why the EU has been forming an external dimension to its immigration policy and how it aspires to impress the immigration policies of non-member countries beyond its borders (p.2). While evaluating the external dimension of the EU's policy and its implication for transit countries, Yildiz takes into consideration security and development aspects of migration and discusses which of those aspects have become more influential for forming the EU's external actions and practices.

The second chapter introduces the definitions of main concepts applied in the analysis which ensure the reader to comprehend the external dimension of EU's immigration policy within a theoretical and conceptual framework. In this chapter, the author presents "remote control" and "root cause" approaches on the basis of security and development aspects of migration. In addition to this conceptual framework, this chapter provides a significant insight into the theoretical foundation of externalization by offering "external governance" and "Europeanization beyond Europe" approaches. Although these two approaches are mentioned as complementary, Yildiz acknowledges "Europeanization beyond Europe" as more notable for analyzing the EU's immigration policies towards the non-member third countries (p. 19). As mentioned, this approach provides a significant insight into the EU's impacts on both candidate countries and non-member third countries within different frameworks of the enlargement and the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP). In this way, though the EU cooperates with candidate countries and non-member countries in the Southern Neighborhood on the basis of different frameworks, as in the example of Turkey and Morocco, these institutional frameworks...